卤族(halogen)元素,包括氟(F)、氯(Cl)、溴(Br)、碘(I)和砹(At),具有高的电子亲和能(EA)与强反应活性及氧化性.它们在材料合成与改性方面的广泛应用极大地激励人们研究超卤素(superhalogen),即EA比卤素原子的EA(3.0～3.6eV)更高的一类基团或分子.与卤素原子相比,超卤素表现出电负性更大、结构更丰富、性质更新颖等更加丰富的特征.本文总结了最近30年来人们在设计与合成新型超卤素和飙卤素(hyperhalogen)方面所取得的实验和理论研究进展,讨论了超卤素和飙卤素的电子结构和物性,展望了超卤素在开发新型磁性材料、环境净化材料、高能密度材料以及非线性光学材料等方面的应用前景. Halogen elements, including fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I) and azulene (At), have high electron affinity (EA) with strong reactivity and oxidation Their wide application in the synthesis and modification of materials greatly motivates the study of superhalogens, a group or molecule of EA higher than the EA (3.0-3.6 eV) of the halogen atom, In contrast, ultrahalogens exhibit richer electronegativity, richer structures, more novel properties, etc. This paper summarizes the experiments that people have made in the design and synthesis of novel hyperhalogens and hyperhalogens in the last 30 years And the progress of theoretical research, discussed the electronic structure and physical properties of superhalogen and halogen atom, and foreground of the application of superhalogen in the development of new magnetic materials, environmental purification materials, high energy density materials and nonlinear optical materials.