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本文介绍一种高空雷达导引防空导弹的实用设计考虑。讨论了影响脱靶距离的三种主要因素——雷达信号反射、雷达导引头组合不完善和导弹响应限制。在高空,闪烁是雷达信号中的主要干扰。此外,导引头组合不完善,如框架稳定不理想、天线罩折射率和导引头陀螺对加速度的敏感度都引起稳定性和脱靶距离问题。制导系统设计人员必须解决这些问题。 最后,由于加速度能力下降、响应时间延长以及控制舵面速率饱和,导弹对制导指令的响应也受到限制。文中讨论了脱靶距离对每一种因素的敏感度,另外,也论述了与组合不完善引起的多余反馈通道有关的稳定性问题。介绍了几个数字实例,它们说明:在构成系统时,如果要在高空满足性能目标,那么在初步设计中考虑实际硬件的不完善是很重要的。本文提供了对实际问题的一个透视,在理论研究中常常把这些问题看成是第二位的,但是实际上它们可能是决定制导和控制设计参数的主导因素。
This article describes a practical design consideration for a high-altitude radar-guided air defense missiles. Three main factors that affect the distance of off-target are discussed: radar signal reflection, imperfect combination of radar seeker and missile response limit. At high altitude, flickering is the major disturbance in the radar signal. In addition, the imperfect seeker combination, such as the framework is not stable, radome refractive index and seeker gyroscope sensitivity to acceleration caused by the stability and off-target distance problem. Guidance system designers must address these issues. Finally, the missile response to the guidance command is also limited due to the reduced acceleration capability, longer response time and saturation of the control rudder rate. In this paper, the sensitivity of off-target distance to each factor is discussed. In addition, the stability problems associated with the extra feedback channel caused by the combination imperfection are also discussed. A few numerical examples are presented that state that it is important to consider the imperfection of the actual hardware in the initial design if the performance goals are to be met at high altitudes when building the system. This article provides a perspective on practical issues that are often viewed as second in theoretical research, but in fact they may be the dominant determinants of how to guide and control design parameters.