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采用大田裂区随机区组设计试验,研究了花生不同基因型品种对养分吸收、分配和利用的差异,为豫北花生主产区潮土上麦套花生高效施肥提供技术支撑。结果表明,施肥能显著增加花生对氮、磷、钾的吸收量,豫花9719对氮磷钾的吸收量最高,分别为286.9,36.2,107.5 kg/hm~2,豫花9620对氮钾的吸收量最小,分别为269.6,95.4 kg/hm~2,豫花9326对磷的吸收量最小,为34.3 kg/hm~2;花生吸收的氮主要分配在花生仁和叶中,分别占吸收总量的73.8%~77.7%和10.2%~13.1%,磷主要分配在花生仁和茎中,分别占总吸磷量的75.5%~86.0%和6.3%~15.8%,钾主要分配在茎和花生仁中,分别占吸收总量的38.6%~49.7%和27.0%~37.8%;不同基因型品种对氮、磷、钾在花生叶、茎、根、花生仁和花生壳中分配的比例有明显的差异;豫花9719的氮磷钾的养分利用率最高,为41.9%,其次是豫花9620,为32.6%,豫花9326的最低,为29.8%。在N,P_2O_5,K_2O施用量分别为180,120,150 kg/hm~2条件下,豫花9326是氮磷利用低效型的花生品种;豫花9719是氮钾利用高效型的花生品种;豫花9620是磷利用高效型、钾低效型的花生品种。
The randomized block design experiment was conducted to study the differences in nutrient absorption, distribution and utilization of different peanut genotypes and to provide technical support for the high-efficiency fertilization of wheat peanut in the main peanut-producing area. The results showed that fertilization could significantly increase the uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in peanut, the highest uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium by Yuhua 9719 was 286.9, 36.2 and 107.5 kg / hm ~ 2, respectively, The lowest absorption was 269.6,95.4 kg / hm ~ 2, while the lowest absorption of phosphorus by Yuhua 9326 was 34.3 kg / hm ~ 2. The nitrogen absorbed by peanut was mainly distributed in peanut kernel and leaves, accounting for the total absorption Of the total P uptake accounted for 75.5% -86.0% and 6.3% -15.8% of the total phosphorus uptake, respectively. Potassium was mainly distributed in stems and peanut kernels , Accounting for 38.6% -49.7% and 27.0% -37.8% of the total amount of absorption respectively. There were significant differences in the distribution of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium among peanut leaves, stems, roots, peanut kernels and peanut shells in different genotypes. The utilization rate of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of Yuhua 9719 was the highest (41.9%), followed by Yuhua 9620 (32.6%) and Yuhua 9326 (29.8%). Under N, P2O5 and K2O application rates of 180, 120 and 150 kg / hm2 respectively, Yuhua 9326 was a peanut variety with low nitrogen and phosphorus utilization efficiency; Yuhua 9719 was a high and efficient type of nitrogen and potassium utilization peanut variety; Yuhua 9620 was Phosphorus use efficient type, potassium inefficient peanut varieties.