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小儿生长发育迅速,需要大量的热能,每天摄取一定量的糖是必要的。一般儿童每日每千克体重需80～100千卡热能,才能满足其生长发育的要求,其中50%的能量由碳水化合物供给,4～7岁的小儿每日糖类摄入量以15～20克为宜。虽然小儿对糖的需要量相对比成人要多,但是过多地食用甜食,会发生“甜食综合征”。也有人称之为“儿童嗜糖精神烦躁症”。有这种疾患的孩子,精神十分不稳定,平时爱哭闹,好发脾气,冲动、任性、睡眠较差,还常在梦中惊醒。与同龄儿童相比,学习成绩因精力不集中而下降。“儿童嗜糖精神烦躁症”是怎样发生的?正常情况下,人体摄入的糖被消化吸收后,转变为葡萄糖,在细胞内经无氧酵解和有氧氧化产生能量,同时释放出CO_2(二氧化碳)和水。在糖的有氧氧化过程中,需要含有维生素B_1的辅酶参加。如果摄入过多的糖,机体就加速糖的有氧氧化,使无氧酵解增加,导致此反应产生的丙酮酸、乳酸等代谢产物堆积。这些代谢产物如果在脑组织中蓄积过多,便会产生上述的精神烦躁症状。
Rapid growth and development of children need a lot of heat, daily intake of a certain amount of sugar is necessary. Children generally need 80 to 100 kilocalories per kilogram of body weight in order to meet the requirements of their growth and development, of which 50% of the energy supplied by carbohydrates, 4 to 7-year-old children daily intake of sugars to 15 to 20 G is appropriate. Although children need more sugar than adults, eating sweets too much can cause “sweating syndrome.” Some people call it “Children Strange Spirit of irritability.” Children with this disorder, the spirit is very unstable, usually love crying, temper, impulsive, wayward, poor sleep, but also often wake up in a dream. Compared with children of the same age, academic performance decreased due to lack of concentration. Under normal circumstances, the human body to absorb the sugar is digested and absorbed, into glucose, in the cell by anaerobic glycolysis and aerobic oxidation of energy, while the release CO 2 (carbon dioxide) and water. During the aerobic oxidation of sugars, coenzymes containing vitamin B 1 are required. If you eat too much sugar, the body will accelerate the aerobic oxidation of sugar, so that anaerobic glycolysis increased, resulting in the reaction of pyruvate, lactic acid and other metabolites accumulation. If these metabolites accumulate too much in brain tissue, they will produce the above symptoms of mental irritability.