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在讨论妇女的社会地位时,首先要考虑用什么尺度衡量妇女的社会地位。一般采取两种方法,一种是比较方法,即通过男女权利的对比来评价妇女在社会生活中的位置。这种方法所采用的指标有:男女所享有的政治、法律、经济权利;他们的文化水平;受教育程度和就业机会等。第二种方法是找出那些存在于妇女生活中的社会因素和生理因素。属于这一方面的指标是:妇女所承担的社会生产和人口再生产的双重任务;由这一任务所派生出来的其他角色;妇女个人素质的形成;传统社会习惯对妇女承担角色的影响等。本文试用这两种方法,通过受教育、就业和婚姻家庭生活三个方面,对比中苏妇女的社
In discussing the social status of women, we must first consider the scale used to measure the social status of women. Two methods are generally adopted, one is to compare methods to evaluate women’s position in social life through the comparison of the rights of men and women. Indicators used in this approach are: political, legal and economic rights enjoyed by men and women; their level of education; their level of education and job opportunities. The second method is to find social and physiological factors that exist in women’s lives. The indicators falling under this category are: the dual tasks of social production and population reproduction undertaken by women; other roles derived from this task; the formation of the individual qualities of women; and the impact of traditional social customs on the role of women. This article tries these two methods to compare the women’s clubs of China and the Soviet Union through three aspects of education, employment and marriage and family life