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本文通过对冀东生态区两个时期选育应用的主要夏玉米自交系的种质基础、农艺、光合、经济性状的比较 ,应用 6× 10不完全双列杂交模式 ,对各个性状的配合力进行了分析 研究结果表明 ,80年代末 90年代初与 70年代末 80年代初的玉米自交系在光合速率、叶绿素、单株叶面积、生物产量、单株粒重等性状得到了显著改良 ,农艺穗部性状、穗粗、穗行数、收获指数、结实率、空杆率也有部分改良效果 同时 ,单株叶面积、叶向值、叶片保绿度、光合速率、叶绿素含量等光合及农艺性状的一般配合力显著提高 部分经济性状 ,如生物产量、单株产量、穗重、穗长等一般配合力也十分显著 除此之外 ,虽然有些自交系性状的一般配合力有所下降或不明显 ,如 :收获指数、雄穗长度 ,但综合起来这些改良和配合力的变化 ,除了对自交系的光合生理 ,农艺、经济等性状有积极作用 ,还对提高自交系产量、增强抗逆性、降低成本有重要作用 研究结果认为 ,冀东生态区的夏玉米育种 ,应当在重视产量、抗病性、抗倒性等传统性状的基础上 ,更加重视光合生理性状的改善和配合力的提高 ,尤其是秃尖度配合力效应值增加 ,更应引起高度的重视 此外 ,在自交系的种质基础和选育方法要有创新 ,要和光合生理等性状改良综合起来 ,才是冀东夏玉米育种的?
In this paper, we compared the germplasm, agronomic, photosynthesis and economic traits of the main summer maize inbred lines in two periods of Jidong Eco-district, and applied the 6 × 10 incomplete diallel cross pattern to study the combination of the traits The results of the analysis showed that the maize inbred lines in the late 1980s and early 1970s were significantly improved in photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll, leaf area per plant, biomass, grain weight per plant , Agronomic panicle traits, ear diameter, ear number, harvest index, seed setting rate and empty rod rate also had some improvement effects. At the same time, leaf area, leaf value, leaf green degree, photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content The general combining ability of agronomic traits significantly increased some economic traits, such as biological yield, yield per plant, panicle weight, spike length and other general combining ability. In addition, although the general combining ability of some inbred lines traits decreased or Not obvious, such as: harvest index, tassel length, but the combination of these improvements and changes in combining ability, in addition to photosynthetic physiology of inbred lines, agronomic, economic and other traits And also play an important role in improving the yield of inbred lines, enhancing the resistance and reducing the costs. The results showed that the summer maize breeding in Jidong Ecological Zone should pay attention to the traditional traits such as yield, disease resistance and lodging resistance More attention should be given to the improvement of photosynthetic physiological traits and the improvement of the combining ability, especially the increase of the value of baldness combining ability, which should attach great importance. In addition, there should be innovation in the germplasm and breeding methods of inbred lines , And photosynthetic and other traits combined to improve, is the Jidong summer maize breeding?