对宫颈、子宫、卵巢、前列腺癌进行放射治疗的一个潜在的严重并发症是放射性直肠炎。本文阐述该病的病理学、临床识别及治疗。 病理学:在对盆腔癌肿进行放射治疗过程中,常见有直肠壁早期组织变化,包括粘膜细胞丧失、固有层急性炎症、嗜酸性隐窝脓肿、小动脉内皮肿胀。后来可加重形成结缔组织纤维化和小动脉内膜炎,引起直肠组织缺血,导致粘膜变脆、出血、溃疡、狭窄和瘘管形成。 临床表现:放射性直肠炎是指放射治疗结束后三个月开始的由放射线引起的直肠粘膜损伤,其发生率为5％～20％,患者接受放射线总 One potentially serious complication of radiotherapy for cervical, uterine, ovarian, and prostate cancer is radiation proctitis. This article describes the pathology of the disease, clinical identification and treatment. Pathology: Pelvic cancer in the course of radiotherapy, the common early rectal wall tissue changes, including the loss of mucosal cells, lamina propria acute inflammation, eosinophilic abscesses of the abdomen, arteriolar endothelial swelling. Later it may aggravate the formation of connective tissue fibrosis and arteriolar intima, causing rectal tissue ischemia, causing mucosal fibrosis, bleeding, ulcers, stenosis and fistula formation. Clinical manifestations: Radiation proctitis is caused by radiation-induced rectal mucosal injury began three months after the end of radiation therapy, the incidence was 5% to 20%, patients undergoing total radiation