论文部分内容阅读
清朝与准噶尔的贸易为双方历史上的重要问题。本文主要依据档案,考察双方在贸易中产生的几个方面的问题:一是乾隆前期清朝与准噶尔在贸易过程中互相哄抬物价的问题;二是准噶尔人为什么每次贸易都要求搭给现银的问题;三是清朝方面贸易主体的变化问题;四是考察清准双方贸易的商品。通过这四个方面的研究,可以解明清朝方面为了和平而进行贸易,虽然屡屡亏损,但是作为和平的成本,还是要比庞大的军费划算。因此清朝的策略就是保持自己的稳定,等待准噶尔出现危机,在贸易中尽量满足准噶尔的要求,即便亏损也在所不惜。反观准噶尔,似乎上层贵族与下层民众之间出现了背离,这或许可以为准噶尔覆灭提供另一种解释。
The trade between the Qing Dynasty and Junggar was an important issue in the history of both sides. This article mainly based on the archives to examine the two sides in the trade arising from several aspects: First, the Qianlong early Qing Dynasty and Junggar in the course of trade each other to raise prices; Second, why the Junggar each trade are required to take the silver The third is the question of the change of the main trade subjects in the Qing Dynasty; the fourth is the inspection and clearance of the commodities traded between the two sides. Through these four aspects of study, we can explain that the Qing government conducted trade for peace. Although it often made losses, the cost of peace still lags behind the huge military expenditure. Therefore, the Qing strategy is to maintain its own stability, waiting for a crisis in Junggar, as far as possible to meet the requirements of the Junggar trade, even if the loss is also worth. In contrast to Junggar, it seems that there has been a departure between the upper aristocrats and the lower ones, which may provide another explanation for the disappearance of the Junggar.