本文叙述一种测试固体材料热膨胀的新方法,介绍了该方法所使用的计算公式,设计了一套膨胀计结构,建立了一台简易新示差膨胀仪。利用该仪器对几种材料进行了测试,其结果与文献数据比较接近。该方法既有普通示差法结构的原理简单。操作方便,温域广,经济等优点,又有精度高和可测小试样的优点。本文还叙述了新示差法应用的前景和不足。 This paper describes a new method of testing the thermal expansion of solid materials, introduces the calculation formula used in this method, designs a dilatometer structure, and establishes a simple new differential dilatometer. The instrument was used to test several materials, the results of which are close to the literature data. The method has the principle of ordinary differential method structure is simple. Easy operation, wide temperature range, economy and other advantages, but also the advantages of high precision and measurable small sample. This article also describes the prospects and deficiencies of the new differential method.