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一、社会主义国家经济改革的现状社会主义各国以不同形式不同程度走商品经济改革道路已近四十年了。进入八十年代前后,这种改革潮流的自觉性更为增强,改革已涉及组织结构等政治体制问题。总的趋势是,由产品生产和产品分配型的计划经济向着商品生产和商品分配型的计划经济方面转变。但由于各国对社会主义经济,特别是社会主义商品经济的认识不同,作法也不尽一致。大体上可分两种情况。第一种情况是明确宣布或未经宣布而实际在走商品经济改革的道路,改革的动作和幅度较大。在这种情况下,又有着三种类型。
I. THE CURRENT SITUATION OF THE ECONOMIC REFORM IN THE SOCIALIST COUNTRIES The socialist countries took the road of commodity economy reform to varying degrees and to different degrees for nearly four decades. Since the 1980s, the consciousness of this trend of reform has been further enhanced. The reform has involved the political structure such as the organizational structure. The general trend is to shift from a planned economy of product production and product distribution to a planned economy of commodity production and distribution. However, since all countries have different understandings of the socialist economy, especially the socialist commodity economy, the practice is not the same. Generally can be divided into two situations. The first case is a clear announcement or without announcement and actually taking the road of commodity economy reform. The reform has a large range of actions. In this case, there are three more types.