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考据基本是一种方法,在清代较长时间里却成了几乎涵盖一切的学名。这并非学者有计划的创设,而是一个在特定学风影响下自然形成的历史现象。它与古今学理都有所冲突,特别是其隐含的学术名称和治学对象之间的紧张,在当时就曾引起争辩。回到当时当地,看看当事人怎样思考和辩论这一问题,有助于从学术内在的逻辑理路认识这一中国学术史上的独特现象。
The textual test is basically a method that became almost universally accepted in the Qing Dynasty. This is not a planned creation of scholars, but a historical phenomenon naturally formed under the influence of a specific style of study. It clashed with ancient and modern theories, especially the tension between its implicit academic name and the object of study. At that time, it had caused controversy. Returning to the local time to see how the parties think and debate this issue, it helps to understand the unique phenomenon in this academic history of China from the logical inner logic of the academic.