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美国、德国和日本先后在历次技术革命和产业革命中取得的成功经验说明,应用技术对他们的富强起了重大作用。他们开发新技术的关键是在企业中普遍建立和发挥了工业研究实验室的作用,及在五十年代后形成和发展了科学园区。据统计,美国在1919—1969年间经济增长的45%是由于技术革新,1981年其研究和开发投资的65%由工业部门
The successful experiences of the United States, Germany and Japan in various technological and industrial revolutions have demonstrated that applied technology has played a significant role in their prosperity. The key to their development of new technologies is the widespread establishment and development of industrial research laboratories in enterprises and the formation and development of science parks in the 1950s. According to statistics, 45% of the U.S. economic growth in 1919-1969 was due to technological innovations. In 1981, 65% of its research and development investment was made by the industrial sector