A survey was carried out at the largest rice cultivation area in Peninsular Malaysia, the Muda rice agroecosystem. The main objective of this study was to document the overall biodiversity associated with this unique agroecosystem by using a combination of sampling techniques in order to record different groups of fauna and flora. The total number of biota recorded and identified from the rice field ecosystem during the study period consisted of 46 species of zooplankton, 81 species of aquatic insects, 5 species of rodents, 7 species of bats, 87 species of birds, 11 species of fishes and 58 species of weeds. A long-term study should be carried out as more species are expected to be recorded when more of the Muda rice agroecosystem area has been sampled to obtain sufficient information on the Muda rice agrobiodiversity.