【摘 要】
：
Phantom limb pain is a chronic pain syndrome that is difficult to cope with. Despite neurostimulation treatment is indicated for refractory neuropathic pain, there is scant evidence from randomized controlled trials to recommend it as the treatment choice
【机 构】
：
Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias,Asturias,Spain;Department of Nursing Science,Physiotherap
论文部分内容阅读
Phantom limb pain is a chronic pain syndrome that is difficult to cope with. Despite neurostimulation treatment is indicated for refractory neuropathic pain, there is scant evidence from randomized controlled trials to recommend it as the treatment choice. Thus, a systematic review was performed to analyze the efficacy of central nervous system stimulation therapies as a strategy for pain management in patients with phantom limb pain. A literature search for studies conducted between 1970 and September 2020 was carried out using the MEDLINE and Embase databases. Principles of The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guideline were followed. There were a total of 10 full-text articles retrieved and included in this review. Deep brain stimulation, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial direct current stimulation, and motor cortex stimulation were the treatment strategies used in the selected clinical trials. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation were effective therapies to reduce pain perception, as well as to relieve anxiety and depression symptoms in phantom limb pain patients. Conversely, invasive approaches were considered the last treatment option as evidence in deep brain stimulation and motor cortex stimulation suggests that the value of phantom limb pain treatment remains controversial. However, the findings on use of these treatment strategies in other forms of neuropathic pain suggest that these invasive approaches could be a potential option for phantom limb pain patients.
其他文献
Introduction: Parkinson\'s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder mainly characterized by the progressive decline of motor function with a prevalence that is greatly increasing since the pathology is principally driven by aging. The current
There is an increasing recognition of the strong links between the gut microbiome and the brain, and there is persuasive evidence that the gut microbiome plays a role in a variety of physiological processes in the central nervous system. This review summa
Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP) are the key bioactive components of Lycium barbarum (also named Gouqizi or Goji berry or wolfberry), a widely used Traditional Chinese herb for more than 2000 years. Believed to balance “yin” and “yang” within the bod
The intrinsic ability of peripheral nerves to regenerate after injury is extremely limited,especially in case of severe injury.This often leads to poor motor function and permanent disability.Existing approaches for the treatment of injured nerves do not
Early postnatal stimulation,e.g.,neonatal handling(NH)in its most frequent form,and environmental enrichment(EE,the exposure of juvenile animals,usually during several weeks,to environments involving rich and variable sensory stimulation)produce profound
Alzheimer\'s disease is a rather complex neurodegenerative disease, which is attributed to a combination of multiple factors. Among the many pathological pathways, synaptic dysfunctions, such as synapses loss and deficits in synaptic plasticity, were th
At present, treatments for Alzheimer\'s disease can temporarily relieve symptoms but cannot prevent the decline of cognitive ability and other neurodegenerative changes. Dendrobium nobile Lindl alkaloid is the main active component of Dendrobium nobile
Lampreys are one of the most ancient extant vertebrates and they have become an animal model of interest for the study of spontaneous axon regeneration after a traumatic central nervous system injury. Contrary to most mammals, lampreys recover locomotion
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, with estimates indicating that ～50％ of the world\'s population will acquire a head injury at some point in their lifetime (Maas et al., 2017). Mild TBIs account for ～80％
ExtractrnThe contrary but interrelated processes of axon degeneration and regeneration are the yin and yang of many neurodegenerative conditions. Here we discuss recent evidence for metabolic cross-talk between glia and injured axons regulating these proc