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研究了我国特有的西藏、新疆、云南小麦和西藏半野生小麦57份材料。根尖染色体观察;2n=42,具有2对随体染色体。花粉母细胞观察:云南小麦、西藏半野生小麦减数分裂过程仍处于相对不稳定状态。酯酶同工酶分析表明:存在组织特异性。聚类分析结果:云南和西藏半野生小麦亲缘关系相近,同属一种类型;新疆小麦具有独特的进化途径。利用其与黑麦杂交,鉴评了可杂交性基因型,西藏半野生小麦三个变种T_(494)(Var.zhassi H.M.G.),T_(511-1)(Var.sangrium H.M.G.)T_(473)(Var.yayunum H.M.G.)与黑麦杂交结实率比中国春小麦与黑麦的杂交结实率还高,推测基因型为kr_1 kr_1 kr_2 kr_2。西藏半野生小麦与黑麦杂种F_1花粉母细胞中期Ⅰ的染色体交叉数超过中国春小麦杂种F_1,推测T_(445-3),T_(499-2),T_(488),T_(511-1)等西藏半野生小麦可能有ph_2基因。
Fifty-seven materials of Tibet, Xinjiang, Yunnan and Tibet semi-wild wheat were studied. Root apical chromosome observation; 2n = 42, with 2 pairs of satellite chromosomes. Pollen mother cells observation: Yunnan wheat, Tibetan semi-wild wheat meiosis process is still in a relatively unstable state. Esterase isozyme analysis showed that there was tissue specificity. Results of cluster analysis showed that the genetic relationship between Yunnan and Tibet semi-wild wheat were similar and belong to the same genus. Xinjiang wheat had a unique evolutionary path. In this study, hybrids were crossed with rye to evaluate the hybridization genotypes. Three varieties of Tibet semi-wild T_ (494) (Var.zhassi HMG), T_ (511-1) (Var.sangrium HMG) T_ (473) (Var.yayunum HMG) and rye were higher than that of Chinese spring wheat and rye, suggesting that the genotype was kr_1 kr_1 kr_2 kr_2. The crossover number of chromosome I in middle stage Ⅰ of hybrid F_1 pollen mother cells in Tibet semi - wild wheat and rye surpassed that of hybrid F1 in Chinese spring wheat, suggesting that T_ (445-3), T_ (499_2), T_ (488), T_ (511-1) Other Tibet semi-wild wheat may have ph_2 gene.