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1848年2月,两个划时代的伟大哲人——马克思和恩格斯,向全人类庄严宣告了一个极其伟大的宣言——《共产党宣言》的诞生。这宣言,似惊雷震撼着资本主义根基,似闪电刺破了资本主义铁幕。面对十月革命胜利后国际共产主义运动的滚滚巨流,资产阶级政治家们也不得不承认:共产主义“这种前途得到千百万人民的赞成和向往”,从而,“二十世纪变成了一个以共产主义的崛起和影响为主的时代。”然而,国际共产主义运动经历了140多年开拓进取的历程之后,在当今世界上遭受了前所未有的挫折。一时间,什么“马克思主义在所有共产主义国家实践都得到错误的结论”,什么“社会主义的尝试及其失败是二十世纪人类的两大遗产之一”等等思潮和论调甚嚣尘上。那么,共产主义运动的黄金时代果真已经属于过去了吗?或者关于社会主义——共产主义的黄金时代还在将来?观今宜鉴古,察往而知来。为了确认这同一问题的两个不同结论孰是孰非,考察全部共产主义运动而获取重要启迪,成为把握现实和走向未来的需要。本文所要论证的问题是:原始共产主义生活方式与军事共产主义生活方式有着惊人的相似之处。空想社会主义思想原则的许多方面间接地成为建构社会主义的评判标准。对实现科学共产主义的必要条件的忽视导致了现代“共产风”的盛行。苏联模式的失败和中国特色社会主义的兴起显示了社会主义——共产主义的黄金时代还在将来。
In February 1848, two great epoch-making philosophers, Marx and Engels, solemnly declared to all mankind an extremely great declaration - the birth of the “Communist Manifesto.” This declaration, like thunder and shook the foundation of capitalism, seems to pierce the capitalist iron curtain. In the face of the huge and turbulent flow of the international communist movement after the victory of October, the bourgeois politicians also have to admit that communism “has won the favor and longing of millions of people” and that “the twentieth century has become An era dominated by the rise and influence of communism. ”However, after more than 140 years of pioneering progress, the international communist movement has suffered an unprecedented setback in today's world. For a time, what “Marxist practice in all communist countries have been wrongly concluded,” what “socialist attempts and failures are one of the two major humanities in the twentieth century,” and other trends and arguments are rampant. Then, did the golden age of the communist movement really belong to the past? Or is the golden age of socialism-communism still in the future? In order to confirm whether the two different conclusions of the same issue are correct or not, it is necessary to examine the entire communist movement and obtain important enlightenment, so as to grasp the reality and move toward the future. The problem to be demonstrated in this article is that there are striking similarities between the primitive communist way of life and the military communist way of life. Many aspects of utopian socialist ideology indirectly become the criteria for the construction of socialism. The neglect of the necessary conditions for the realization of scientific communism led to the prevalence of modern “communist style.” The failure of the Soviet model and the rise of socialism with Chinese characteristics show that socialism, the golden age of communism, is still in the future.