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自1926年发现肝制剂可治疗恶性贫血后,引起了各方面的重视。1948年终于从肝脏组织中提得维生素B_(12)作为抗恶性贫血的“外因子”而应用于临床。目前所使用的维生素B_(12)是从放线菌属灰链丝菌的培养液中提取的。它含有钴故称为氰钴胺(Cyanocobalamine),分子式为C_(63)H_(36)O_(14)N_(14)PCo,系红色针状结晶,性质稳定,耐热,溶于水,但易被重金属、氧化物、还原物所破坏,在碱性和强酸性溶液中逐渐失效。
Since 1926, it has been discovered that liver preparations can treat pernicious anemia and has drawn great attention from all quarters. In 1948, vitamin B 12 (12) was finally extracted from liver tissue for clinical application as “external factor” of anti-pernicious anemia. Currently used vitamin B_ (12) is extracted from the culture of Actinomyces spp. It contains cobalt so called Cyanocobalamine, molecular formula of C_ (63) H_ (36) O_ (14) N_ (14) PCo, Department of red needle crystal, stable, heat-resistant, soluble in water, Easily be destroyed by heavy metals, oxides, reductants, gradually weakening in alkaline and strong acidic solution.