非酮症高渗性昏迷是严重的内分泌急诊综合征。容易误漏诊而贻误治疗，死亡率较高。本文报道了5年来遇到的10例非酮症高渗性昏迷患者，男女各5例，平均年龄55．90±18．33岁。有效血浆渗透压383.47±17.86mOsm／L。诱发因素包括感染、脑出血、开颅及心脏直视手术等应激刺激以及某些药物的应用，病死率高达50％。结合文献复习，本文就非附症高渗性昏迷的发病机理、诊断、治疗及预防问题进行了扼要的探讨。 Nonketotic hyperosmolar coma is a severe endocrine emergency syndrome. Misdiagnosis and misdiagnosis, higher mortality. This article reports 5 cases encountered in 10 cases of non-ketotic hyperosmolar coma patients, 5 male and 5 female, mean age 55.90 ± 18.33 years. Effective plasma osmolality 383.47 ± 17.86mOsm / L. Induced factors include infection, cerebral hemorrhage, craniotomy and open heart surgery and other stress stimuli and the application of certain drugs, mortality up to 50%. Combined with the literature review, this article briefly discusses the pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of non-adnexal hypertonic coma.