目的了解2014~2016年曲靖市手足口病的病原学特征及分布情况,为手足口病的预防和控制提供科学依据。方法应用实时荧光定量(Real-time RT-PCR)方法进行核酸检测。结果 2014~2016年共检测标本2 048份,检出阳性1 844份,检出率为90.04%,不同年份总阳性率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。其中,EV71共504份,CoxA16共797份,其他肠道病毒共543份,不同型别肠道病毒阳性率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。重症病例共检测177份,阳性标本为131份,阳性率为74.01%。其中,EV71阳性数为66份,占50.38%(66/131),CoxA16阳性数为31份,占23.66%(31/131),其他肠道病毒阳性数为34份,占25.95%(34/131)。发病年龄主要集中在5岁以内,1~岁的儿童构成比最高,占34.11%(629/1 844),≥6岁的儿童构成比最低占3.74%(69/1 844)。曲靖市手足口病全年均有发病,但以5~7月发病率最高,每年3月初开始上升,8月以后逐渐趋于平稳。结论曲靖市手足口病发病有明显的季节、地区、人群分布和病原学特征。 Objective To understand the etiological characteristics and distribution of HFMD in Qujing from 2014 to 2016 and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of HFMD. Methods Real-time RT-PCR was used to detect nucleic acid. Results A total of 2 048 samples were detected from 2014 to 2016, and 1844 were positive, the detection rate was 90.04%. The total positive rate in different years was significantly different (P <0.01). Among them, there were 504 EV71, 797 CoxA16 and 543 other enteroviruses. The positive rates of different types of enterovirus were statistically significant (P <0.01). A total of 177 cases of severe cases were detected, the positive specimens were 131, the positive rate was 74.01%. Among them, the positive numbers of EV71 were 66, accounting for 50.38% (66/131), CoxA16 positive number was 31, accounting for 23.66% (31/131), other enterovirus positive number was 34, accounting for 25.95% (34 / 131). The age of onset was mainly within 5 years of age, with the highest proportions of children aged 1 to 34 years old (34.11% (629/1 844)) and the lowest proportion of children aged 6 or older (3.74%) (69/1 to 844). The incidence of hand, foot and mouth disease in Qujing all year round, but the highest incidence in May to July, the beginning of March each year began to rise, gradually stabilized after August. Conclusion The incidence of hand, foot and mouth disease in Qujing City has obvious seasonal, regional, population distribution and etiological characteristics.