为探讨医院内获得性肺炎的发病情况、治疗转归及影响预后的因素。方法　采用回顾性分析我院于1996年 1月～ 1998年 12月间 86例符合医院获得性肺炎的发病率、发病诱因和基础疾病、临床特点、病原菌的分布和耐药性、抗菌治疗和转归。结果　医院感染率为 2 0 .5 % ,发病时间超过 30 d最多 ,为 40例 (4 4.8% ) ;基础疾病以慢性阻塞性肺病 (COPD)和 COPD并发呼吸衰竭为首 2 4例 (2 8% )、脑血管疾病 2 4例 (2 8% )、胸腹部手术 8例 (9% )、闭合性颅脑外伤 6例 (7% ) ;本组死亡 2 0例 ,死亡率为 2 3.2 % ;导致死亡的原因为多器官功能衰竭、中毒性休克等。结论　抵抗力低下、住院时间延长、不合理应用抗生素及基础疾病严重是造成医院感染和影响预后的主要因素 ,加之耐药菌多 ,抗菌治疗疗效低 ,死亡率高 ,故临床特别要重视对医院肺炎的防治。 In order to explore the incidence of hospital-acquired pneumonia, treatment outcome and prognostic factors. Methods A retrospective analysis of our hospital from January 1996 to December 1998, 86 cases of hospital-acquired pneumonia incidence, incidence of incentives and underlying diseases, clinical features, the distribution of pathogens and drug resistance, antimicrobial treatment and transfer Return Results The nosocomial infection rate was 20.5% and the onset time was more than 30 days (40.4%). The underlying diseases were chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and COPD complicated with respiratory failure (24%) (28% ), 24 cases of cerebrovascular disease (28%), 8 cases of thoracic and abdominal surgery (9%) and 6 cases of closed head trauma (7%). There were 20 deaths in this group with a mortality rate of 22.2% Causes of death due to multiple organ failure, toxic shock and so on. Conclusions Low resistance, prolonged hospitalization, unreasonable use of antibiotics and serious underlying diseases are the main factors causing nosocomial infection and prognosis. In addition, many antibacterial and antibacterial treatments have low curative effect and high mortality rate, so special attention should be paid to hospitals Prevention and treatment of pneumonia.