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为研究机组资源管理对机组人为差错的影响,以沟通和交流、领导管理技能、监控/质询、情景意识、决策及工作负荷作为机组资源管理变量,将人为差错分为认知差错和操作差错,利用230份飞行员的问卷调查数据,采用结构方程模型(SEM)的方法,构建有关机组资源管理与机组认知差错及操作差错关系的结构方程模型。结果表明:沟通和交流与操作差错显著相关;领导管理技能与认知差错及操作差错显著相关;监控/质询与认知差错及操作差错显著相关;情景意识与认知差错及操作差错显著相关;决策与操作差错显著相关;工作负荷与认知差错及操作差错显著相关;认知差错与操作差错显著相关。根据上述影响关系提出了建设团队氛围、培养机组成员的协同工作和加强机组成员的情景意识保持能力等措施。
In order to study the influence of unit resource management on crew error, the human error is divided into cognitive error and operational error based on communication and exchange, leadership management skills, monitoring / questioning, situational awareness, decision-making and workload as unit resource management variables. Based on the questionnaire survey data of 230 pilots, structural equation modeling (SEM) method was used to construct the structural equation model about the relationship between unit resource management and unit cognition error and operation error. The results showed that communication and communication were significantly related to operational errors; leadership skills were significantly associated with cognitive errors and operational errors; monitoring / challenge was significantly associated with cognitive errors and operational errors; contextual awareness was significantly associated with cognitive errors and operational errors; There was a significant correlation between decision-making and operational errors; workload was significantly associated with cognitive errors and operational errors; cognitive errors were significantly correlated with operational errors. According to the above relations of influence, some suggestions are put forward, such as building the atmosphere of the team, cultivating the team members ’cooperation and strengthening the crew members’ awareness of situational awareness.