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目的调查长沙地区不同年龄哮喘儿童的高危因素和各年龄层主要高危因素,为长沙地区儿童哮喘的防治和管理提供流行病学依据。方法应用湖南省哮喘防治协作组制定的哮喘儿童调查问卷,据整群抽样结果,对长沙地区0～14岁600名儿童,分婴幼儿组、学龄前组、学龄组三个年龄阶段分别进行问卷调查。在家长知情同意后,发放调查问卷,由家长与儿童共同完成调查问卷。由课题组成员收回,采用SPSS15.0统计学软件包进行统计。采用χ2检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果通过问卷调查发现呼吸道感染是诱发各个年龄段哮喘发作的主要危险因素;婴幼儿组儿童受居住房间潮湿、天气变化、居住在主干道边等外界环境因素的影响较大(χ2=12.82,14.82,22.02,P均<0.05);学龄前组和学龄组儿童与过敏性鼻炎的发生密切相关(χ2=48.16,35.62,P均<0.05)。结论诱发哮喘的高危因素中感染因素没有年龄差异性,低龄儿童更容易受环境因素的影响,高龄儿童则受宿主和特应性影响较大。
Objective To investigate the risk factors of children with asthma at different ages and the main risk factors of all ages in Changsha region and provide epidemiological basis for the prevention and management of childhood asthma in Changsha area. Methods According to the questionnaire of asthma children developed by Hunan Provincial Association for Asthma Prevention and Control, 600 children aged 0-14, infants group, preschool age group and school age group in Changsha were surveyed by questionnaire survey. After informed consent from parents, a questionnaire is issued and parents and children complete the questionnaire. By the group members to recover, using SPSS15.0 statistical software package for statistics. Using χ2 test, P <0.05 for the difference was statistically significant. Results According to the questionnaire survey, respiratory infection was the main risk factor inducing asthma attacks in all age groups. Infants in infants and young children groups were more affected by environmental factors such as dampness, weather changes and living in the main road (χ2 = 12.82, 14.82 , 22.02, P <0.05). The incidence of allergic rhinitis in pre-school and post-school-age children was significantly higher than that in the control group (χ2 = 48.16, 35.62, P <0.05). Conclusions There is no age difference in the risk factors of asthma. The younger children are more likely to be affected by environmental factors, while the older children are more affected by the host and atopy.