目的：为探讨肿瘤坏死因子（ＴＮＦ－ α） 在肾小球肾炎发生发展中所起的作用。方法：采用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附技术（ＥＬＩＳＡ） 测定肾小球肾炎患儿急性期和恢复期血清ＴＮＦ 水平。同时测定尿素氮（ＢＵＮ） 、肌苷（Ｃｒ） ，设２０ 例正常儿童为对照，结果：急性期血ＴＮＦ 水平明显高于恢复期和对照组（ Ｐ＜ ０ ．００１） ，且与ＢＵＮ 及Ｃｒ 呈正相关（ｒ＝ ０ ．３９ ，Ｐ＜ ０ ．０５ ，ｒ ＝ ０ ．６４ ，Ｐ＜ ０ ．０１） 。结论：ＴＮＦ 在肾小球肾炎的发生发展中起一定的作用，其分泌的增多与肾脏损害有关，提示测定ＴＮＦ 可作为判断肾脏损害程度指标之一。 Objective: To investigate the role of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) in the development of glomerulonephritis. Methods: Serum levels of TNF in acute and convalescent glomerulonephritis children were measured by double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). At the same time, the levels of BUN and Cr in 20 normal children were measured. The results showed that the level of TNF in acute phase was significantly higher than that in recovery and control group (P <0.001) (R = 0.39, P <0.05, r = 0.64, P <0.01). CONCLUSION: TNF plays a role in the development of glomerulonephritis. The increased secretion of TNF is related to renal damage, suggesting that the determination of TNF may be used as an indicator of renal damage.