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一、依法管理港口和航运美国是联邦制国家,其立法属联邦立法和州立法二级体制。过去的几十年中,美国的联邦议会陆续制定了一系列有关航运和港口管理的法令。海运法律主要包括1916年航运法,1936年商船法,1946年商船买卖法,1954年货载保留法,1978年受控承运人法,1984年航运法,198
I. Managing Ports and Shipping According to Law The United States is a federal state and its legislation is a secondary system of federal legislation and state legislation. In the past few decades, the U.S. federal parliament has successively enacted a series of decrees on shipping and port administration. The law of shipping mainly includes the Shipping Law of 1916, the Merchant Shipping Law of 1936, the Merchant Shipping Law of 1946, the Freight Hold Act of 1954, the Controlled Carrier Law of 1978, the Shipping Act of 1984, 198