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开证行已在拒付通知中表明将向交单人退单,那么,毫不延迟地、以快速方式退回单据则是“最低标准”的义务。跟单信用证统一惯例(以下简称“UCP600”)第16条f款规定,如果开证行或保兑行未能按本条行事,则无权宣称交单不符。该款构成对银行拒付权利的一个严格排除规则,目的是为了更好地保护交单人的利益,进而提高信用证交易的确定性和最终性。从文字表面意思来看,“无权宣称交单不符”的前提,是“未能按本条行事”。但问题是,第16条规定非常简洁,惯例中涉及拒付的某些本质要求和业界公认的标准实务被隐藏在文字背后。因此,有些人可能片面认为,若特定情形在该条中没有规定,就不属于“未能按照本条行事”范畴,仍可“宣称交单不符”。本文结合一则英国最新案例,重点分析开证行发出拒付通知后,退单行为与其“无权宣称交单不符”之间的关系。
The issuing bank has already stated in the notice of dishonor that it will refund the bill to the payer. Then, without delay, the receipt of the bill in an expeditious manner is an obligation of “minimum standard ”. Article 16 (f) of the Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits (“UCP600”) stipulates that if the issuing bank or confirming bank fails to act in accordance with this Article, it is not entitled to claim a discrepancy. This paragraph constitutes a strict rule of exclusion of bank rights rules, the purpose is to better protect the interests of pay the single, thereby increasing the certainty and finality of the credit transaction. From the surface of the text meaning, “no right to declare a single discrepancy ” on the premise that “failed to act according to this article ”. However, the problem is that Article 16 provides for a very conciseness. Some of the essential requirements in practice related to protest and industry accepted standards and practices are hidden behind the text. Therefore, some people may consider one-sidedly that if a particular situation is not specified in the article, it does not belong to the category of “failure to act in accordance with this Article” and may still declare that the contractual discretion is not “. This article combines a recent case of the United Kingdom, focusing on analysis of issuing bank refuses to pay notice, the refund behavior and its ”no right to declare a single discrepancies " relationship.