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多数经济学家已经将中国过去15年的改革视为“渐进式改革”的典型,将波兰、俄罗斯等前苏联、东欧国家视为“激进式改革”的典型。但在如何定义不同改革方式、如何分析不同改革方式的特征及其优点与缺点,如何认识不同改革方式在不同条件下的可行性,等等问题上,迄今无论在国内经济学界还是国际经济学界,都还是众说纷坛。本文拟就一些有争议的理论与概念、问题进行一些分析。需要指出的是,本文不是要分析“应该”怎样改革,而是实证性地分析不同改革方式的特征与改革过程本身的逻辑。
Most economists have regarded China’s reforms of the past 15 years as a model of “gradual reform” and regarded the former Soviet Union and Eastern European countries as the typical “radical reforms” such as Poland and Russia. But how to define different ways of reform, how to analyze the characteristics of different ways of reform and their advantages and disadvantages, how to understand the feasibility of different ways of reform under different conditions, and so forth, so far both in the domestic economic circles or international economic circles, Are still all public forums. This article intends to make some analyzes on some controversial theories, concepts and problems. What needs to be pointed out is that this article is not intended to analyze what should be done but rather to analyze empirically the logic of the characteristics of different reform approaches and the reform process itself.