一语言从具体到抽象的发展是任何语言发展的必然规律。列宁说:“任何词都已经在概括”,“思想和词表明一般的东西”。列宁说的“概括”、“一般”就是指语言的抽象,越是发达的语言其表达抽象意义的词就越丰富,只是在各个语言中,词的概括程度、范围等因社会而异。如汉语中“马”是概括 A language from concrete to abstract development is the inevitable law of any language development. Lenin said: “Any word is already summarized,” and “thoughts and words indicate something in common.” Lenin’s “generalization” and “generality” mean the abstraction of language. The more advanced the language is, the more expressive its abstract meanings are. However, in all languages, the generalization and range of words vary from one society to another. Such as Chinese “horse” is summarized