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目的调查医务人员职业暴露发生人群、场所、时机及源患者携带血源性病原体分布,为进一步预防职业暴露提供依据和有效防护措施,从而减少职业暴露的发生。方法采用回顾性调查方法,对医院2007年1月-2012年6月71名医务人员职业暴露报告资料进行分析。结果 71名医务人员职业暴露中,护士、助理护士、实习护士,分别占46.48%、4.22%、19.72%,工龄≤10年者占74.64%;暴露类型中,锐器伤占95.77%;暴露发生场所前3位为病区、手术室、急诊科,分别占47.89%、35.21%、9.85%;暴露发生时机前3位为术中、拔针时、处理医疗废物过程,分别占35.21%、18.31%、16.90%;源患者携带血源性病原体38例,占53.52%。结论暴露人员操作不熟练、防护意识不到位、接触侵入性操作、锐器伤发生概率大、对操作环境是否安全未进行充分评估是职业暴露的主要原因,加强职业安全教育、规范操作行为、充分评估操作环境的安全性等措施,能有效预防职业暴露。
Objective To investigate the distribution of bloodborne pathogens in occupational exposure of medical personnel, place, time and source patients, so as to provide basis and effective protective measures to further prevent occupational exposure, thereby reducing occupational exposure. Methods A retrospective survey method was used to analyze occupational exposure data of 71 medical staff from January 2007 to June 2012 in the hospital. Results Among 71 medical workers, nurses, assistant nurses and nurse practitioners accounted for 46.48%, 4.22% and 19.72%, respectively, accounting for 74.64% of the total occupational exposures, and 95.77% of the exposed types were exposed. The first three sites were ward, operating room and emergency department, accounting for 47.89%, 35.21% and 9.85% respectively. The top three exposures occurred during the operation and withdrawal of needles, accounting for 35.21% and 18.31 respectively %, 16.90%; source patients carrying blood-borne pathogens in 38 cases, accounting for 53.52%. Conclusions Unscrupulous exposure, inadequate protection awareness, contact with invasive procedures, high incidence of sharp injuries and the lack of adequate assessment of the safety of the operating environment are the major causes of occupational exposure. Occupational safety education is reinforced and operational behaviors are adequately regulated Evaluate the safety of the operating environment and other measures to effectively prevent occupational exposure.