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本文通过分层随机抽样对江苏省阜宁县642名中小学生用语现状进行调查。结果发现,农村儿童家庭用语和学校用语受年龄、性别和父母是否外出打工等变量的影响。进一步的mlogit回归模型分析表明,母亲外出打工的儿童学校用语和家庭用语都倾向于使用方言的可能性更大;随着年龄增长,儿童的学校用语和家庭用语都更倾向于方言,尤其是在家庭中;学校语言使用中女生比男生更倾向于使用普通话。因此,在农村留守儿童语言教育的过程中,男童以及母亲外出打工的儿童更需要引起社会关注,加强普通话教育,从而提高他们的适应能力。
In this paper, stratified random sampling of Funing County, Jiangsu Province, 642 primary and secondary school students to investigate the status quo. The results showed that rural children’s family language and school language were affected by variables such as age, gender and whether parents were migrant workers or not. Further analysis of the mlogit regression model shows that mothers are more likely to use dialects of school children and family languages when working in migrant children; as they grow older, school children’s language and family language tend to be more dialectal, especially in Family; school girls use more mandarin than boys in school language use. Therefore, in the process of language education for left-behind children in rural areas, boys and mothers who work outside the home need to pay more attention to society and to enhance their Putonghua education so as to enhance their adaptability.