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[目的]为了探明氮素在植株中的积累与分配状况及氮素吸收利用率与试验点的地理位置、土壤化学特性、施氮量的关系。[方法]2009年以杂交中稻Ⅱ优7号和渝香优203为材料,在西南稻区4省(市)的7个生态点采用相同的试验方案。[结果]稻谷产量在地点间、品种间、施氮量间、地点与品种互作效应、地点与施氮量互作效应均达极显著水平,而品种与施氮量间的互作不显著;成熟期地上部干物重、含氮率和氮肥吸收利用效率分别在试验点、品种间和施氮量间的差异达极显著水平。氮素吸收率与利用率呈极显著负相关;氮素吸收利用率与试验点所处地理位置、施肥水平及土化特性呈极显著线性关系,F值9.34** ~914.30**,决定系数高达0.705 2 ~0.999 8。[结论]施氮量越高,氮肥的利用效率越低;土化特性对氮吸收利用率的影响因品种和具体的氮利用率指标而异,氮稻谷生产率与土壤有机质含量呈极显著正相关,经度、海拔越高,氮肥利用效率越高。
[Objective] The purpose was to find out the relationship between nitrogen accumulation and distribution in plants, nitrogen absorption and utilization, geographical location of test sites, soil chemical properties and nitrogen application rate. [Method] The hybrid rice Zhongyou 7 and Yu Xiang You 203 were used as materials in 2009, and the same experiment scheme was adopted in 7 ecological points of 4 provinces (cities) in southwest rice area. [Result] The intercropping effect of the grain yield between sites, varieties, nitrogen application rates and varieties was significant, and the interaction between the sites and the N application rate reached the extremely significant level, but the interaction between the varieties and the N application rate was not significant The dry matter weight, N and N uptake and utilization efficiency of aboveground in mature stage were significantly different at the test point, between cultivars and N application rate respectively. Nitrogen absorption rate was significantly and negatively correlated with the utilization rate. Nitrogen absorption and utilization efficiency was significantly and linearly related to the geographical location, fertilization level and soil characteristics of the experimental sites with F values of 9.34 ** to 914.30 **. The coefficient of determination Up to 0.705 2 ~ 0.999 8. [Conclusion] The higher the nitrogen application rate, the lower the utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer. The effect of soil characteristics on nitrogen uptake and utilization rate varied with variety and specific nitrogen utilization rate. Nitrogen production rate was significantly and positively correlated with soil organic matter content , Longitude and altitude, the higher nitrogen use efficiency.