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目的探讨原发性低颅压综合征的临床症状及护理措施。方法回顾性分析2008年1月~2013年12月在佛山市第一人民医院神经内科住院的40例原发性低颅压性综合征患者的临床资料,其中男10例,女30例,年龄28~65岁。结果所有患者均有不同程度体位性头痛,并可伴有头晕、视物模糊、恶心、呕吐;脑脊液压力均低于60mm Hg,其中脑脊液压力30~59mm Hg37例,测不出脑脊液压力3例。脑脊液红细胞增多24例、白细胞例增多22例,蛋白质高15例,糖和氯化物均正常。CT检查4例脑沟池变浅,脑室变窄2例。经采取头低脚高位卧床休息、大量静脉补液2000~3000m L/d(以生理盐水为主)、短程应用激素及血管扩张剂,或腰椎穿刺从蛛网膜下隙注人生理盐水15~20ml等综合治疗及心理护理、体位护理、饮食护理、头痛护理后,所有患者头痛、头晕、视物模糊、恶心、呕吐症状好转或消失。结论 40例患者住院8~15天,其中好转8例,治愈32例,均已出院。低颅压性头痛患者经正确治疗及密切观察病情、采取正确的护理措施,疗效较好,恰当护理能有效缓解头痛症状。
Objective To investigate the clinical symptoms and nursing measures of primary intracranial hypotension syndrome. Methods The clinical data of 40 patients with primary low intracranial hypertension admitted in Department of Neurology, First People’s Hospital of Foshan from January 2008 to December 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 10 males and 30 females, 28 ~ 65 years old. Results All patients had postural pain of varying degrees and were associated with dizziness, blurred vision, nausea and vomiting. Cerebrospinal fluid pressure was lower than 60 mm Hg. Cerebrospinal fluid pressure was 30- 59 mm Hg in 37 cases, and no cerebrospinal fluid pressure was detected in 3 cases. Cerebrospinal fluid increased in 24 cases of erythrocytes, leukocytes increased in 22 cases, 15 cases of high protein, sugar and chloride were normal. 4 cases of CT scan shallow brain sulci, ventricular narrowing in 2 cases. After taking low head high bed rest, a large number of intravenous rehydration 2000 ~ 3000m L / d (mainly saline), short-term use of hormones and vasodilators, or lumbar puncture from the subarachnoid injection of saline 15 ~ 20ml All patients with headache, dizziness, blurred vision, nausea and vomiting improved or disappeared after comprehensive treatment and psychological care, body care, diet and headache care. Conclusion 40 patients were hospitalized for 8 to 15 days, of which 8 were improved and 32 were cured, all of whom were discharged. Patients with low intracranial pressure headache and correct treatment by close observation of the condition, take the correct care, the effect is better, appropriate care can effectively alleviate the symptoms of headache.