世界历史在18世纪出现了罕见的“共时现象”,其中最明显的就是政府职能的扩展。但在中国,相比之下这段历史却不太为人注意。本文力图展示乾隆初年清代政府在劝农、兴修水利和开矿几个方面的所作所为。如果说,在18 世纪的西欧,政府职能扩展已属于一种“现代现象”,那么我们又应如何看待中国的这段历史? In the eighteenth century, world history appeared a rare “synchronic phenomenon,” the most obvious of which was the expansion of government functions. In China, however, this history is less noticeable. This article tries hard to show what Qing dynasty government did in the early years of Qianlong in persuading farmers, building water conservancy and mining. If we say that the expansion of government functions in Western Europe in the eighteenth century was already a “modern phenomenon,” then how should we view this period of history in China?