目的:探究氨磷汀在儿童恶性实体肿瘤化疗中的细胞保护作用及不良反应。方法:选择2018年4月至2020年4月北京同仁医院儿科单中心收治的62例恶性实体肿瘤患儿（化疗253例次），按分层随机抽样方法将其分为试验组（化疗前应用氨磷汀，113例次）和对照组（化疗前未应用氨磷汀，140例次）。采用自身对照方法，比较同一患儿在进行同一种化疗方案治疗时是否应用氨磷汀的治疗效果及不良反应。结果:与对照组相比，试验组粒细胞缺乏持续时间短[（6.7±3.0）d比（9.5±4.3）d，n t＝3.788，n P<0.05]，血小板降低（<20×10n 9／L）的持续时间短[（3.6±1.3）d比（5.4±3.2）d，n t＝2.037，n P<0.05]，需要接受重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子（rhG-CSF）治疗的时间短[（6.5±3.5）d比（10.0±2.8）d，n t＝3.049，n P<0.05]，感染时应用抗生素治疗的时间短[（5.0±2.5）d比（8.2±2.5）d，n t＝3.558，n P<0.05]，需要血小板的输入量少[（0.7±0.5）U比（1.5±0.8）U，n t＝2.873，n P<0.05]；试验组仅4例次（3.5%）出现了口腔黏膜溃疡，低于对照组的12例次（8.6%）（n χ2＝4.634，n P＝0.033）；在不考虑氨磷汀本身使用成本的情况下，试验组与对照组在治疗费用方面差异有统计学意义（n P＝0.034），试验组的住院时间也相对较短（n P＝0.012）。应用氨磷汀较易出现恶心、呕吐及低钙血症。n 结论:氨磷汀在儿童恶性实体肿瘤化疗中，能够有效地保护正常的组织细胞，不良反应轻。“,”Objective:To explore the cellular protective effect and adverse reactions of amifostine in the chemotherapy of malignant solid tumor in children.Methods:A total of 62 children with malignant solid tumors receiving 253 times of chemotherapy who were admitted to the Pediatrics Single Center of Beijing Tongren Hospital from April 2018 to April 2020 were selected and divided into the experimental group (amifostine was used before chemotherapy, 113 times in total) and the control group (amifostine was not used before chemotherapy, 140 times in total) according to stratified random sampling. The self-control method was used to compare the therapeutic effects and adverse effects of the use of amifostine or not in the same child under the same chemotherapy regimen.Results:Compared with the control group, the duration of agranulocytosis [(6.7±3.0) d vs. (9.5±4.3) d, n t = 3.788,n P < 0.05], the duration of platelet reduction (<20×10 n 9/L) [(3.6±1.3) d vs. (5.4±3.2) d, n t = 2.037, n P < 0.05], the time of receiving recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) treatment [(6.5±3.5) d vs. (10.0±2.8) d, n t = 3.049, n P < 0.05] and the time of antibiotic treatment during infection [(5.0±2.5) d vs. (8.2±2.5) d, n t = 3.558, n P < 0.05] in the experimental group were all shorter; the amount of platelet input required [(0.7±0.5) U vs. (1.5±0.8) U, n t = 2.873, n P < 0.05] was less than that of the control group. Oral mucosal ulceration occurred in only 4 (3.5%) times in the experimental group, which was lower than that in the control group [12 (8.6%) times] ( n χ2 = 4.634, n P = 0.033). Regardless of the cost of amifostine itself, there was a statistically significant difference in treatment cost between the experimental group and the control group (n P = 0.034), and the length of hospital stay in experimental group was relatively short (n P = 0.012). The patients were more prone to nausea and vomiting and hypocalcemia when treated with amifostine.n Conclusions:Amifostine can effectively protect normal tissue cells in chemotherapy of children with malignant solid tumor and its adverse reactions are mild.