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目的查清江西省燃煤污染型地方性氟中毒的流行及分布状况,为制定防治措施提供依据。方法以行政村为单位,对调查地区进行人口数、户数以及8～12岁儿童氟斑牙普查,普查中对儿童氟斑牙患病率大于30%的病区村再进行饮水氟、儿童尿氟的抽样检测和病区村流行因素的调查。结果共调查8～12岁儿童218763人,氟斑牙检出人数为25899人,氟斑牙患病率为11.84%,氟斑牙病情以极轻和轻度为主,分别占氟斑牙检出人数的49.56%、43.62%;氟斑牙患病率大于30%的病区村共有371个,占调查村总数的24.25%,仅丰城市未查出氟斑牙患病率大于30%的病区村;采集了2588份儿童尿样,尿氟几何均数为0.87mg/L,范围为0.10～10.44mg/L,尿氟几何均数≥1.40mg/L的村数为13个,占14.94%;采集居民饮用水346份,水氟含量为0.01～0.92mg/L,均值为0.15mg/L,所有水样氟含量均未超过生活饮用水卫生标准;砖混结构的房屋占总调查户数的95.85%,97.39%的居民仍使用煤为主要燃料,在燃煤户中98.75%的居民采用敞烧炉灶,厨卧分开户数仅占燃煤总户数的5.04%。结论江西省燃煤污染型氟中毒仍比较严重,病区范围较大,燃烧含高氟的煤拌泥是引起当地氟中毒的主要原因。
Objective To find out the prevalence and distribution of endemic fluorosis in coal-burning areas in Jiangxi Province and provide evidence for the establishment of prevention and control measures. Methods Taking the administrative village as a unit, the population, number of households in the survey area and the dental fluorosis screening of children aged 8 ~ 12 years were surveyed. In the census, the prevalence of dental fluorosis in children was higher than 30% Urine fluoride sampling and epidemiological survey of ward villages. Results A total of 218763 children aged 8-12 years were investigated. The number of dental fluorosis was 25899, the prevalence of dental fluorosis was 11.84%. The dental fluorosis was mainly mild and mild, Accounting for 49.56% and 43.62% of the total, respectively. There were 371 ward villages with the prevalence of dental fluorosis more than 30%, accounting for 24.25% of the total number of villages surveyed. Only the prevalence of dental fluorosis in Fengcheng City was not over 30% Ward villages; 2588 children were collected urine samples, urinary fluoride geometric mean 0.87mg / L, the range of 0.10 ~ 10.44mg / L, urinary fluoride geometric mean ≥ 1.40mg / L of the village of 13, accounting for 14.94%; 346 residents drinking water were collected, the water fluorine content was 0.01 ~ 0.92mg / L, the average was 0.15mg / L, all the water samples fluoride content did not exceed the drinking water health standards; brick and mortar houses accounted for the total survey 95.85% of the households and 97.39% of the residents still use coal as the main fuel. 98.75% of the residents in the coal-fired households adopt open-burning stoves, which account for only 5.04% of the total coal-fired households. Conclusions Coal-burning fluorosis in Jiangxi Province is still serious and the area of ward is relatively large. Combustion of coal-blending mud with high fluorine content is the main cause of local fluorosis.