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液晶是一类介于固体和液体之间的物态，液晶态分子排列一维或二维长程有序，在垂直于表面的方向，液晶表现固体特性，阻止表面间的直接接触，而在滑动剪切方向，液晶表现为低粘度液体，可有效地降低摩擦系数。本文对向列型液晶４－正戊基－４’－氰基联苯（５ＣＢ）在正十六烷和季戊四醉酯中的减摩作用及机理进行了考察。研究表明， ４－正戊基－ ４’－氰基联苯（５ＣＢ）在正十六烷中表现良好的减摩作用；单纯的 ４－正戊基－ ４’－氰基联苯（５ＣＢ）对季成四醇酯没有任何的减摩作用，但加入平行取向诱导剂癸二酸后，经过一段摩擦诱导期，可使季戊四醇酯的摩擦系数大幅度降低。
Liquid crystal is a class of objects between the solid and liquid state, the liquid crystal molecules arranged in one-dimensional or two-dimensional long-range order, in the direction perpendicular to the surface, the liquid crystal to show the solid properties, to prevent direct contact between the surface, Shear direction, liquid crystal showed low viscosity liquid, can effectively reduce the friction coefficient. In this paper, the antifriction effect and mechanism of 4-n-pentyl-4’-cyanobiphenyl (5CB) in nematic liquid crystal in n-hexadecane and pentaerythritol ester were investigated. The results showed that 4-n-pentyl-4’-cyanobiphenyl (5CB) showed good antifriction effect in n-hexadecane; pure 4-n-pentyl- There is no any antifriction effect on quaternary ester. However, the friction coefficient of pentaerythritol ester decreases after a period of friction induction after adding sebacic acid, a parallel orientation inducer.