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综述了作者所在课题组近 30年的远缘杂交工作。通过染色体加倍、胚珠离体培养等技术 ,克服远缘杂交不亲和性及杂种后代不孕性 ,成功获得了多个种间杂种和异源细胞质的质核杂种。通过进一步回交选育 ,获得了异源细胞质的抗虫种质T458、Q1 0 38及纤维品质优良的陆地棉种质J80 80、H80 8、H82 8等。育成了棉属 9个种 (种系 )细胞质同核系 ,为棉属细胞质的遗传分类及演化研究提供了基础材料 ,研究了同一细胞核背景下异源细胞质的遗传效应。中棉和异常棉胞质能显著提高陆地棉抗性。实现了陆地棉胞质的陆地棉雄性不育“三系”配套。在实现了哈克尼西棉胞质陆地棉雄性不育“三系”配套的基础上 ,进一步与海岛棉 71 - 74杂交 ,改良了恢复系。从陆地棉与异常棉的远缘杂交后代中 ,选育出哈克尼西棉基因组以外的、来自异常棉基因组的新恢复源。展望了棉花远缘质核杂种的应用前景 ,提出种间质核杂种的应用是棉花育种的新途径
This paper summarizes the distant hybridization work of the author’s group nearly 30 years. By doubling chromosomes, ovule culture in vitro and so on, overcoming incompatibility of distant crosses and infertility of hybrid offspring, several interspecific hybrids and heterologous cytoplasmic nuclear hybrids were successfully obtained. Through further backcrossing breeding, the heterologous cytoplasmic insect-resistant germplasm T458, Q1 038 and the high-quality fiber germplasm J80 80, H80 8, H82 8 were obtained. The results showed that the cytoplasm and nucleus of 9 species (germline) of cotton genus were bred and provided the basic materials for the genetic classification and evolution of cotton cytoplasm. The genetic effects of heterologous cytoplasm in the same nucleus were studied. Cotton and abnormal cotton cytoplasm can significantly improve the resistance of upland cotton. Realization of the upland cotton cytoplasmic male sterile “three lines” supporting. On the basis of supporting the “three lines” of male sterile in upland cotton of Hackney Cytoplasm and further crossing with island cotton 71 - 74, the restorer line was improved. From distant hybridization progenies of upland cotton and anomalous cotton, new restorer sources from the anomalous cotton genome were bred out of the Hakonei cotton genome. The prospects for the application of distant protocorms in cotton are prospected, and the application of interspecific hybrids is a new approach to cotton breeding