目的探讨开放式乳突根治并鼓室成形术的手术方式和疗效。方法总结32例2005年至2008年胆脂瘤型中耳炎行开放式乳突根治并鼓室成形术,经2年以上随访,分析手术方法疗效及并发症。结果术后全部干耳,听力提高10～20dB21耳,0～10dB6耳,更差5耳,听力提高10dB以上为有效,听力提高有效率为65.6%(21/32)。5例术后1周出现面瘫,经治疗1～3个月后恢复。结论胆脂瘤型中耳炎选择性的进行开放式乳突根治并鼓室成形术,可以获得干耳和保存或提高听力的临床效果。 Objective To explore the surgical method and curative effect of radical mastoidectomy and tympanoplasty. Methods Thirty-two cases of cholesteatoma otitis media were treated with open mastoidectomy and tympanoplasty from 2005 to 2008. After more than two years’ follow-up, the curative effect and complications of operation were analyzed. Results All postoperative dry ears, hearing increased 10 ~ 20dB21 ears, 0 ~ 10dB6 ears, even worse 5 ears, hearing more than 10dB effective, effective hearing improvement was 65.6% (21/32). Five cases experienced facial paralysis 1 week after operation and recovered after 1 to 3 months of treatment. Conclusions Cholesteatoma otitis media can be used for radical mastoidectomy and tympanoplasty selectively to obtain the clinical effects of dry ear and preservation or improvement of hearing.