本文研究表明,松花江水体含有的致突变物质可使江鱼的外周血有核红细胞微核率增高,微核率高达0.33‰,非常显著地高于对照组(0.05‰)。由江鱼体内提取出来的有机毒物也可使小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核率显著增高。研究结果提示松花江被污染,特别是有机污染的致癌危险性不容忽视;同时也表明,鱼外周血微核率是反映水体受致突变物质污染危害的简便、快速、敏感而实用的指标。 This study shows that the mutagenic substances contained in the Songhua River water can increase the micronucleus rate of peripheral blood nucleated red blood cells in river fish. The micronucleus rate is as high as 0.33 ‰, which is very significantly higher than that of the control group (0.05 ‰). The organic poisons extracted from the river fish also increased the micronucleus rate of polychromatic RBCs in the bone marrow of mice. The results suggest that the Songhua River is contaminated, especially the organic carcinogenic risk can not be ignored; at the same time, it also shows that the micronucleus rate of fish peripheral blood is a simple, rapid, sensitive and practical indicator reflecting the harm caused by the mutagenic substances in the water.