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在中国式分权体制下,政府间竞争主要有三个维度:一是“央地不同级”政府间的上下财政竞争,二是“同级不同地”政府间的左右晋升竞争,三是“同地不同届”政府间的前后策略竞争,上下、左右、前后竞争共同构成了政府间竞争的三维立体架构。土地成为当前地方政府在三维立体架构下的行为选择落脚点,地方政府趋于一致的竞争策略导致土地资源的不合理利用。因而构建合理的激励和约束机制促使政府由竞争走向合作是土地资源可持续利用的有效保障,具体可从“做对价格”、“做对协调”和“做对激励”三条路径入手实现政府间有机合作,做对价格主要用于调节上下财政竞争,做对协调主要用于调节左右晋升竞争,做对激励主要用于调节前后策略竞争。
Under the Chinese decentralization system, there are mainly three dimensions of intergovernmental competition: one is the financial competition among different levels of the central government, and the other is the promotion of competition among the governments at the same or different levels. Thirdly, before and after the “strategic alliance between different countries and regions”, the three-dimensional structure of inter-government competition has been formed by competitions from top to bottom, from left to right and from front to back. Land has become the end result of local government’s choice of behavior under the three-dimensional structure. The competitive strategy of local governments becoming unanimous leads to the irrational use of land resources. Therefore, it is an effective guarantee for the sustainable use of land resources to build a reasonable incentive and restraint mechanism to encourage the government to move from competition to cooperation. Specifically, it can be done from “doing price”, “doing coordination” and “encouraging” Three paths to start organic cooperation between the government, so the price is mainly used to adjust the upper and lower financial competition, so coordination is mainly used to regulate the promotion of competition around, so incentives are mainly used to adjust the strategic competition.