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目的:调查女大学新生膀胱过度活动症(OAB)的患病率和相关危险因素，并评估OAB对其心理及生活质量的影响。方法:2018年9月至2020年1月选取面向全国招生高校中14 300名17～21岁女大学新生作为调查对象，采用匿名调查问卷的方式对OAB的流行病学情况进行调查。问卷内容包括基本信息、既往尿路感染史、下尿路症状(LUTS)、肠道症状、膀胱过度活动症评分表(OABSS)，以及抑郁自评量表(SDS)、自尊量表(SES)、匹兹堡睡眠量表。分析OAB患病率与居住地、体质指数(BMI)、肠道症状、既往尿路感染史、月经是否规律、夜间遗尿症(NE)的关系。结果:共发放14 300份问卷，回收13 129份问卷，排除428份不符合要求的问卷，共12 701名受试者符合统计分析要求，年龄(19.0±1.0)岁。结果显示女大学新生OAB的总体患病率为6.1%(770/12 701)，干性OAB患病率为3.8%(478/12 701)，湿性OAB患病率为2.3%(292/12 701)。OAB的患病率与BMI(χn 2＝7.592，n P<0.05)、NE(χn 2＝15.111，n P<0.01)、便秘(χn 2＝20.519，n P<0.01)、既往泌尿系感染史(χn 2＝92.032，n P<0.01)、月经不规律(χn 2＝19.493，n P0.05)无关。OAB组的抑郁得分[(29.61±4.08)分与(28.00±3.56)分，n P<0.01]和匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(5.20±2.41与4.22±2.42，n P<0.01)高于非OAB组，OAB组的自尊得分低于非OAB组[(47.92±9.46)分与(52.01±8.93)分，n P<0.01]，差异均有统计学意义。n 结论:女大学新生OAB常见，并影响患者心理健康。肥胖、NE、便秘、既往泌尿系感染、月经不规律是OAB发生的危险因素。“,”Objective:To investigate the prevalence and related risk factors of overactive bladder (OAB) in female university freshmen in China, and to evaluate the effect of OAB on their psychology and quality of life.Methods:From September 2018 to January 2020, 14 300 female university freshmen aged 17-21 were selected from colleges and universities for enrollment, and an anonymous questionnaire was used to investigate the epidemiological situation of OAB. The questionnaire included basic information, history of urinary tract infection, lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), intestinal symptoms, overactive bladder score scale (OABSS), self-rating depression scale (SDS), self-esteem scale (SES) and Pittsburgh sleep scale. In addition, Chi-square test and Logistic regression analysis were used to evaluate the relationship between OAB prevalence and residence, body mass index (BMI), intestinal symptoms, history of urinary tract infection, menstrual regularity and nocturnal enuresis (NE).Result:A total of 14 300 questionnaires were distributed and 13 129 questionnaires were collected, of which 428 were excluded. 12 701 subjects (age 19±1.0 years) were qualified for statistical analysis. The overall prevalence of OAB was 6.1% (770/12 701) in female university freshmen, the prevalence of dry OAB was 3.8% (478/12 701) and wet OAB was 2.3% (292/12 701). The prevalence of OAB was related to BMI(χn 2=7.592, n P<0.05), NE(χn 2=15.111, n P<0.01), constipation(χn 2=20.519, n P<0.01), history of urinary tract infection(χn 2=92.032, n P<0.01) and irregular menstruation (χn 2=19.493, n P0.05). The depression score (29.61±4.08 vs. 28.00±3.56,n P<0.01)and Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI)(5.20±2.41 vs.4.22±2.42,n P<0.01) of OAB group were higher than those of no-OAB group, while the score of self-esteem(47.92±9.46 vs.52.01±8.93,n P<0.01) was lower than that of no-OAB group.n Conclusions:OAB is common in female university freshmen and affects the mental health of patients. Obesity, NE, constipation, history of urinary tract infection and irregular menstruation are the risk factors of OAB.