目的了解使用抗生素对儿童肠道菌群的影响。方法选择在我院治疗的儿童非肠道感染性疾病96例,根据病情选用不同的抗生素,分别在使用抗生素前和使用抗生素后第5天大便涂片革兰染色进行细菌分析。结果应用抗生素后,出现不同程度菌群失调者占26.04%,2周岁以内小儿菌群失调发生率显著高于其它年龄段(χ2=11.75,P<0.01)。结论使用抗生素对儿童,特别是婴幼儿肠道菌群影响明显。 Objective To understand the effects of antibiotics on the intestinal flora in children. Methods Ninety-six children with parenteral infection were selected for treatment in our hospital. Different antibiotics were selected according to the disease. Gram stain was performed on stool smears before antibiotics and on antibiotics on the fifth day. Results After antibiotics, 26.04% of patients with different degrees of flora were found. The incidence of children ’s flora was less than 2 years old (χ2 = 11.75, P <0.01). Conclusion The use of antibiotics has significant effects on intestinal flora in children, especially infants and young children.