目的分析广西16株狂犬病毒P基因序列特点,探讨广西狂犬病高发的可能原因。方法 2005-2008年在广西14个市采集健康犬脑标本3 961份,用直接免疫荧光法(DFA)和RT-PCR法检测狂犬病毒,P基因PCR扩增阳性者进行序列测定和分析。结果 16株狂犬病毒完成P基因序列测定,核苷酸及氨基酸同源性分别为86%~100%和93%~100%,属于基因Ⅰ型狂犬病毒;广西境内至少存在3条狂犬病毒传播链;16株狂犬病毒P基因序列推导的氨基酸序列多个位点发生变异。结论广西存在多个Ⅰ型狂犬病毒株系的流行,可能是近几年广西狂犬病持续高发的原因之一。 Objective To analyze the sequence of P gene of 16 strains of rabies virus in Guangxi and discuss the possible causes of the high incidence of rabies in Guangxi. Methods A total of 3 961 healthy brain samples from 14 cities of Guangxi were collected from 2005 to 2008. The positive samples of rabies virus and P gene were amplified by direct immunofluorescence (DFA) and RT-PCR, and sequenced and analyzed. Results The 16 strains of rabies virus were sequenced and their nucleotide and amino acid homologies were 86% -100% and 93% -100%, respectively, which belonged to genotype Ⅰ rabies virus. There were at least 3 rabies virus transmission lines in Guangxi ; Multiple amino acid sequence deduced amino acid sequence of 16 strains of rabies virus mutated. Conclusion The prevalence of multiple types of rabies virus strains in Guangxi may be one of the reasons for the sustained high incidence of rabies in Guangxi in recent years.