19世纪初,欧洲的不少医院都刚建立,外科医生在给病人开刀做手术时,既没有麻醉剂,也没有消毒剂,许多病人开刀后都死于伤口的化脓感染.在英国爱丁堡的一家医院.一位名叫里斯特的外科医生发现一家化工厂附近的污水沟里.沟水清澈.浮在水面上的杂草从来不会腐烂.这引起了里斯特的好奇.他决定查找其中的原因.里斯特通过了解,发现这家化工厂在提炼煤焦油时将一种“废弃物”——石炭酸(苯酚的 At the beginning of the nineteenth century, many hospitals in Europe were just founded. Surgeons operating on patients undergoing surgery had neither anesthetic nor disinfectant. Many patients died of septic wounds after surgery. At a hospital in Edinburgh, England, A surgeon named Lisist found a gutter near a chemical plant, the clear water of the ditch, the weeds floating on the water never decayed, which aroused Curris’ curiosity and decided to find out why Lister learned through the discovery that the chemical plant was converting a “waste” - carbolic acid (phenol