论文部分内容阅读
线粒体是普遍存在于真核细胞中的一类细胞器.每个线粒体含有多个拷贝的闭合环状双链DNA.人类线粒体DNA(mitochondrial DNA,mtDNA)共编码22种线粒体tRNA(mitochondrial tRNA,mt tRNA),2种rRNA及13种多肽.mt tRNA独特的结构特点决定了它们与具有典型三叶草结构的细胞质tRNA不同.编码mt tRNA的基因突变频率较高,这可能是引起线粒体功能障碍的主要原因之一.同时,这与很多病理现象相关.目前发现,大量与mt tRNA生物代谢和功能相关的核因子包括加工内切酶、tRNA修饰酶和氨酰-tRNA合成酶.这些核因子的异常导致了疾病相关的tRNA致病突变.由此可见mt tRNA功能对于线粒体活性的重要性.
Mitochondria are a type of organelles ubiquitous in eukaryotic cells, each containing multiple copies of closed circular double-stranded DNA.Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) collectively encodes 22 mitochondrial tRNAs (mt tRNAs ), Two kinds of rRNA and thirteen kinds of polypeptides.The unique structural features of mt tRNA determine that they are different from the cytoplasmic tRNA with the typical clover structure.The frequency of mt tRNA gene mutation may be the main cause of mitochondrial dysfunction At the same time, this is associated with many pathological phenomena and it has now been found that a number of nuclear factors involved in the biological metabolism and function of mt tRNAs include endonucleases, tRNA-modifying enzymes and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, Disease-related tRNA pathogenic mutations.This shows the importance of mt tRNA function on mitochondrial activity.