[目的]评价侧端吻合术改善低位直肠癌前切除术后排便功能。[方法]对低位直肠癌前切除保肛术病例60例,行结肠—直肠(或肛管)侧端吻合术与结肠—直肠(或肛管)端端吻合术重建消化道各30例,于术后6个月及12个月评价排便功能。[结果]侧端吻合组发生术后并发症7例,端端吻合组发生术后并发症共8例,两组术后并发症发生率无统计学差异(χ2=0.089,P=0.766)。术后6个月时,侧端吻合组大便Ⅰ度失禁发生率为10.0%,明显少于端端组的30.0%(χ2=4.320,P=0.038)。侧端吻合组里急后重发生率为26.7%,明显少于端端组的60.0%(χ2=6.687,P=0.009)。侧端吻合组控便满意率为83.3%,明显好于端端组的60.0%(χ2=4.022,P=0.045)。两组患者在术后12个月控便能力均恢复正常。[结论]侧端吻合术并不增加术后并发症,而且改善近期术后排便功能效果。 [Objective] To evaluate the effect of lateral anastomosis on defecation function after low resection of rectal cancer. [Method] 60 ​​cases of anus-preserving anterior resection of low rectal cancer were treated with end-to-side anastomosis of the colon-rectum (or anal canal) and anastomosis of the colon-rectum (or anal canal) Defecation function was evaluated 6 months and 12 months after operation. [Results] There were 7 postoperative complications in the anastomosis group and 8 postoperative complications in the anastomosis group. There was no significant difference in postoperative complications between the two groups (χ2 = 0.089, P = 0.766). Six months after operation, the incidence of fecal incontinence in the lateral anastomosis group was 10.0%, significantly less than 30.0% in the end group (χ2 = 4.320, P = 0.038). The incidence of tenesmus in 26.7% in the lateral anastomosis group was significantly less than 60.0% in the end group (χ2 = 6.687, P = 0.009). The satisfactory rate of side-to-side anastomosis was 83.3%, which was significantly better than 60.0% of the end-group (χ2 = 4.022, P = 0.045). Both groups returned to normal after 12 months. [Conclusion] Lateral anastomosis does not increase postoperative complications, but also improves the effect of postoperative defecation.