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意象图式是通过空间关系经过高度抽象而获得的。隐喻是指由空间概念向其他认知域进行映射,进而获得引申和抽象意义的认知过程。从认知的角度出发,借助意象图式理论和隐喻理论,以霍克斯的英译本《红楼梦》为蓝本,分析介词above的基本空间意义,并借用隐喻对其语义上的延伸做了进一步的分类。分析得知,above除了其原型意义外,在社会关系域、程度域、状态域等领域还有六种引申义。
Imagery is obtained through a highly abstract spatial relationship. Metaphor refers to the cognitive process of mapping from spatial concepts to other cognitive domains, and then extending and abstracting meaning. From the perspective of cognition, with the help of image schema theory and metaphor theory, Hawkes’ English version of A Dream of Red Mansions is modeled on the analysis of the basic spatial meanings of the preposition above, and the use of metaphor for its semantic extension classification. Analysis shows that, in addition to the prototype of the above, there are six kinds of extended meaning in the social relations domain, degree domain, state domain and other fields.