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目的了解铅暴露对工人健康的影响。方法对某市小型铅冶炼厂32名铅作业工人与某水泥厂33名对照工人进行健康询问调查,检测作业环境空气铅浓度以及工人尿铅含量。结果冶炼厂作业环境空气铅烟平均质量浓度超标52.7倍,7个监测点21个样品的超标率为95.2%。水泥厂铅平均质量浓度超标5倍,4个监测点12个样品的超标率为41.7%。冶炼厂空气铅含量显著高于水泥厂。接触组口中金属味和手握物易掉主诉率明显比对照组高。结论冶炼厂作业环境空气铅浓度超标严重,应该加强通风净化和工艺改革,降低铅浓度。水泥厂空气的铅污染也应引起重视,加强个人防护。
Objective To understand the impact of lead exposure on workers’ health. Methods Twenty-three lead workers in a small-scale lead smelter in a city and 33 control workers in a cement plant were surveyed to investigate the air lead concentration in working environment and the urine lead level in workers. Results The average mass concentration of lead in the operating environment of the smelter was over 52.7 times that of 21 samples at the seven monitoring points, which was 95.2%. The average lead concentration in cement plants exceeded 5 times the standard, and the exceeding rate of 12 samples in 4 monitoring sites was 41.7%. Smelter air lead content was significantly higher than the cement plant. Metal exposure in the mouth of the mouth group and hand-held easily out of complaints was significantly higher than the control group. Conclusion The concentration of lead in the air of the smelter operating environment exceeds the standard seriously, ventilation and purification and process reform should be strengthened to reduce lead concentration. Lead pollution in the air of cement plants should also be taken seriously and personal protection strengthened.