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目的:评价天津市糖尿病人群膳食营养状况及类黄酮物质的摄入量,为其健康饮食提供指导。方法:采用连续5d的24h膳食回顾法,对糖尿病病人进行膳食营养调查,结合中国居民膳食营养素的推荐摄入量(recommended nutrition intake,RNI)、适宜摄入量(adaptive intake,AI)以及中国居民平衡膳食宝塔(Balance Diet Pagoda)对其膳食营养状况做出评价;根据膳食调查的结果,计算类黄酮物质的摄入量。结果:本次调查显示,糖尿病病人能量摄入量均偏低,脂肪的供能比例偏高。男性仅维生素C和烟酸的摄入量达标,女性维生素的摄入量均不达标。糖尿病病人存在钙摄入严重不足而钠摄入量严重超标的现象,且与男性相比,女性矿物质的摄入量要普遍偏低。除了钙以外,男性其余种类矿物质摄入量均达标;女性除了磷、钠、铁、锰的摄入量达标以外,其余种类均不达标。糖尿病病人类黄酮的主要食物来源为玉米、土豆、西瓜以及甜瓜等,男性每日类黄酮的摄入量为38.23mg、女性为38.27mg。糖尿病病人摄入的膳食种类主要包括粮谷类、蔬菜、水果、畜禽肉类、蛋类、豆制品、牛奶及奶制品、食用油以及食盐。其中水果类、鱼虾以及奶制品的摄入量偏低,蛋类以及食盐摄入过多;男性的畜禽肉摄入过多。结论:糖尿病病人能量摄入偏低,脂肪供能比偏高,维生素和钙摄入不足,而钠摄入偏高;类黄酮的主要食物来源为谷物、季节性水果蔬菜等;膳食结构存在不合理现象,水果、鱼虾、奶制品的摄入量过低,而畜禽肉、蛋类以及食盐的摄入量过多。
Objective: To evaluate the nutritional status of diabetic patients and the intake of flavonoids in Tianjin and provide guidance for their healthy diet. Methods: The dietary nutritional status of diabetic patients was investigated by continuous 24h dietary review method. Combined with the recommended nutrition intake (RNI), adaptive intake (AI) of Chinese dietary intake and Chinese residents The Balance Diet Pagoda assesses the nutritional status of the diet; based on the results of the dietary survey, the intake of flavonoids is calculated. Results: This survey shows that the energy intake of patients with diabetes are low, high fat energy ratio. Men only vitamin C and niacin intake standards, women’s vitamin intake are not up to standard. Diabetic patients have a serious lack of calcium intake and excessive sodium intake exceeded the phenomenon, and compared with men, women’s mineral intake is generally low. In addition to calcium, the rest of the men’s mineral intake reached the standard; women in addition to phosphorus, sodium, iron and manganese intake standards, the other types are not up to standard. Diabetes patients flavonoids are the main source of food for corn, potatoes, watermelons and melons, etc. Men’s daily intake of flavonoids was 38.23mg, 38.27mg for women. Dietary intake of diabetic patients mainly include cereals, vegetables, fruits, poultry meat, eggs, soy products, milk and dairy products, cooking oil and salt. Among them, the intake of fruits, fish, shrimp and dairy products is too low, and the consumption of eggs and salt is excessive; the intake of livestock and poultry meat by men is excessive. CONCLUSIONS: Diabetic patients have low energy intake, high fat to energy ratio, inadequate intake of vitamins and calcium, and high sodium intake. The main sources of flavonoids are cereals, seasonal fruits and vegetables, etc. The dietary structure does not exist Reasonable, fruit, fish and shrimp, dairy products intake is too low, and poultry meat, eggs and salt intake too much.