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随着对能源的需求不断增加,页岩气作为一种非常规的甲烷(CH_4)来源显示了巨大的商业化潜力。然而,由于页岩气储层的超低渗透,为了提高产气量,使经济效益最大化,并确保安全环保运行,需要一些特殊的处理,如水平钻孔、水力压裂、周期性的关井和二氧化碳(CO_2)注入。尽管大量的研究致力于这一新兴技术,但许多研究人员只是孤立地研究了页岩气设计和操作决策。事实上,这些决策是高度相关的,应该被同时考虑。因此,本文解决了设计和操作决策之间的相互作用的问题。在本文中,我们首先建立一个页岩气储层的物理模型。接下来,为了深入了解页岩气网络的复杂行为,我们对重要的设计和操作决策,如井的深度、井的排布、断裂数及断裂距离、二氧化碳的注入量和关井调度等,进行灵敏度分析。结果表明,页岩气产量最高的未必是最赚钱的设计;钻探、压裂和二氧化碳的注入对这项技术的经济可行性有很大的影响。特别是,由于高成本,使用二氧化碳提高气体采收率(EGR)似乎并不具备商业竞争力,除非税收减免或补贴可用于二氧化碳封存。也发现设计和操作决策的相互作用非常重要,这些决策应该同时被优化。
As the demand for energy continues to increase, shale gas has shown tremendous commercial potential as a source of unconventional methane (CH4). However, due to the ultra-low permeation of shale gas reservoirs, to maximize gas production, maximize economic benefits and ensure safe and environmentally friendly operation, special treatment such as horizontal drilling, hydraulic fracturing, periodic shut-in And carbon dioxide (CO2) injection. Although a great deal of research is devoted to this emerging technology, many researchers have only studied shale gas design and operational decisions in isolation. In fact, these decisions are highly relevant and should be considered simultaneously. Therefore, this article addresses the issue of interaction between design and operational decisions. In this paper, we first establish a physical model of shale gas reservoir. Next, in order to gain insight into the complex behavior of shale gas networks, we conducted important design and operational decisions such as well depth, well arrangement, number of fractures and fracture distances, carbon dioxide injection and shut-in schedule, etc. sensitivity analysis. The results show that shale gas production may not be the most profitable design; drilling, fracturing and carbon dioxide injection have a significant impact on the economic viability of this technology. In particular, the use of carbon dioxide to enhance gas recovery (EGR) does not appear to be commercially competitive due to the high cost unless a tax deduction or subsidy is available for carbon dioxide sequestration. It is also important to find the interaction between design and operational decisions that should be optimized at the same time.