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天然气水合物富含温室气体甲烷,且资源量巨大,对气候变化又十分敏感,在全球变暖的背景下其气候效应倍受关注,近年来的研究工作又取得了一些新进展。首先,天然气水合物资源量的估算进一步精确,海洋中天然气水合物资源量的最新估算值仅为原先的1/5,从根本上限制了其气候效应的显著性;其次,大气中来自天然气水合物的甲烷通量被重新评估,发现甲烷气体在海水中的搬运方式对其通量有决定性影响,“气泡方式”和“水合物包壳”都可以减少甲烷在海水中的氧化作用,从而增加了进入大气的甲烷通量;此外,与天然气水合物释放相关的气候变化驱动机制被进一步完善,不再片面地强调天然气水合物的绝对驱动,而是引入了湿地等其他因素作为驱动气候变化的共同因子。简而言之,天然气水合物与气候变化之间的因果关系仍然存在争议,但是其对气候变化所产生的反馈作用不容质疑。
Natural gas hydrate is rich in greenhouse gas methane, and its resources are huge. It is also very sensitive to climate change. Its climate effect has drawn much attention in the context of global warming. In recent years, some new progress has been made in its research work. First, the estimation of natural gas hydrate resources is more accurate. The latest estimate of the amount of natural gas hydrate resources in the oceans is only 1/5 of the original estimate, which fundamentally limits the significance of its climate effects. Second, the atmospheric natural gas hydrate Methane fluxes were reevaluated and it was found that the transport of methane gas in seawater has a decisive effect on its flux. Both “bubble mode” and “hydrate cladding” can reduce methane oxidation in seawater In addition, the climate change-driven mechanism related to gas hydrate release is further improved. Instead of one-sided emphasis on the absolute driving of natural gas hydrates, other factors such as wetlands are introduced as Common factors driving climate change. In short, the causal link between gas hydrates and climate change remains controversial, but its feedback on climate change can not be questioned.